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Compare Christmas Island (2001) - Sierra Leone (2001)
Compare Christmas Island (2001) z Sierra Leone (2001)
| Christmas Island (2001) | Sierra Leone (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of Australia) | 3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western* |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years:
44.73% (male 1,190,207; female 1,237,326) 15-64 years: 52.12% (male 1,351,455; female 1,477,155) 65 years and over: 3.15% (male 84,364; female 86,111) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | NA | rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 11 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
10 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
71,740 sq km land: 71,620 sq km water: 120 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than South Carolina |
| Background | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. The phosphate mine, closed in 1987, was reopened four years later, but the need for an alternative industry has spurred investment in tourism. Old mining areas are being restored, and almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. | Since 1991, civil war between the government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (well over one-third of the population) many of whom are now refugees in neighboring countries. A peace agreement, signed in July 1999, collapsed in May 2000 after the RUF took over 500 UN peacekeepers hostage. The RUF stepped up attacks on Guinea in December 2000, despite a cease-fire that it signed with the Freetown government one month earlier. As of late 2000, up to 13,000 UN peacekeepers were protecting the capital and key towns in the south. A UK force of 750 was helping to reinforce security and train the Sierra Leone army. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | 45.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
revenues:
$96 million expenditures: $351 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Capital | The Settlement | Freetown |
| Climate | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds | tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April) |
| Coastline | 138.9 km | 402 km |
| Constitution | Christmas Island Act of 1958 | 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island |
conventional long form:
Republic of Sierra Leone conventional short form: Sierra Leone |
| Currency | Australian dollar (AUD) | leone (SLL) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | 19.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $1.28 billion (1999) |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph H. MELROSE, Jr. embassy: Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [232] (22) 226481 through 226485 FAX: [232] (22) 225471 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | chief of mission:
Ambassador John Ernest LEIGH chancery: 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263 FAX: [1] (202) 483-1793 |
| Disputes - international | none | civil war has engendered massive refugee movements into neighboring Guinea and Liberia |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $203.7 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by union workers. With the support of the government, Australian-based Casinos Austria International Ltd. built a $34 million casino on Christmas Island, which opened in 1993. As of yearend 1999, gaming facilities at the casino were temporarily closed but were expected to reopen in early 2000. Another economic prospect is the possible location of a space-launching site on the island. | Sierra Leone is an extremely poor African nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. It does have substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources. However, the economic and social infrastructure is not well developed, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development. About two-thirds of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Bauxite and rutile mines have been shut down by civil strife. The major source of hard currency is found in the mining of diamonds, the large majority of which are smuggled out of the country. The resurgence of internal warfare in 1999 brought another substantial drop in GDP, with GNP recovering part of the way in 2000. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 223.2 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 240 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population | 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians |
| Exchange rates | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996) | leones per US dollar - 1,653.39 (January 2001), 2,092.13 (2000), 1,804.20 (1999), 1,563.62 (1998), 981.48 (1997), 920.73 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
chief of state:
President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election held 26-27 February and 15 March 1996 (next to be held NA September 2001); note - president's tenure of office is limited to two five-year terms election results: Ahmad Tejan KABBAH elected president; percent of vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 59.5%, John KAREFA-SMART (UNPP) 40.5% |
| Exports | $NA | $65 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | phosphate | diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish |
| Exports - partners | Australia, NZ | Belgium 38%, US 6%, Italy 4%, UK 4% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of Australia is used | three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $2.7 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture:
43% industry: 26% services: 31% (1999) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $510 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 4.2% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 10 30 S, 105 40 E | 8 30 N, 11 30 W |
| Geography - note | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean | - |
| Heliports | - | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Highways | total:
140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry) paved: 30 km unpaved: 110 km (1999) |
total:
11,300 km paved: 904 km unpaved: 10,396 km (1997) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
0.5% highest 10%: 43.6% (1989) |
| Imports | $NA | $145 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | consumer goods | foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | principally Australia | UK 34%, US 8%, Italy 7%, Nigeria 5% (1999) |
| Independence | none (territory of Australia) | 27 April 1961 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) | mining (diamonds); small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining |
| Infant mortality rate | NA deaths/1,000 live births | 146.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 15% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | none | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 290 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court | Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court |
| Labor force | NA | 1.369 million (1981 est.)
note: only about 65,000 wage earners (1985) |
| Labor force - by occupation | tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) | agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total:
958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km |
| Land use | arable land:
NA% permanent crops: NA% permanent pastures: NA% forests and woodland: NA% other: NA% note: mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park |
arable land:
7% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 31% forests and woodland: 28% other: 33% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English, Chinese, Malay | English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%) |
| Legal system | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law | based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
unicameral House of Representatives (80 seats - 68 elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 26-27 February 1996 (next to be held NA 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - SLPP 36.1%, UNPP 21.6%, PDP 15.3%, APC 5.7%, NUP 5.3%, DCP 4.8%, other 11.2%; seats by party - SLPP 27, UNPP 17, PDP 12, APC 5, NUP 4, DCP 3; note - first elections since the former House of Representatives was shut down by the military coup of 29 April 1992 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
total population:
45.6 years male: 42.69 years female: 48.61 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic total population: 31.4% male: 45.4% female: 18.2% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia | Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Africa |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
12 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
territorial sea:
200 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,057 GRT/3,498 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia | - |
| Military branches | - | Army |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $46 million (FY96/97) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 2% (FY96/97) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
1,161,790 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
563,631 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | NA | Independence Day, 27 April (1961) |
| Nationality | noun:
Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island |
noun:
Sierra Leonean(s) adjective: Sierra Leonean |
| Natural hazards | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard | dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms |
| Natural resources | phosphate | diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | 10.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: by the end of 1999 refugees from Sierra Leone are assumed to be returning |
| Political parties and leaders | none | All People's Congress or APC [Edward Mohammed TURAY, chairman]; Democratic Centre Party or DCP [Adu Aiah KOROMA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Amadu M. B. JALLOH]; National Republican Party or NRP [Sahr Stephen MAMBU]; National Unity Party or NUP [Dr. John KARIMU, chairman]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Thaimu BANGURA, chairman]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Abass Chernok BUNDU, chairman]; Revolutionary United Front Party or RUFP [Foday SANKOH, chairman]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH, chairman]; United National People's Party or UNPP [John KARIFA-SMART in exile, Raymond KAMARA, acting leader] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | Trade Unions and Student Unions |
| Population | 2,771 (July 2001 est.) | 5,426,618 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 68% (1989 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 7.77% (2001 est.) | 3.61% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Flying Fish Cove | Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 9, shortwave 1 (1999) |
| Radios | 1,000 (1997) | 1.12 million (1997) |
| Railways | 24 km to serve phosphate mines | total:
84 km used on a limited basis because the mine at Marampa is closed narrow gauge: 84 km 1.067-m gauge |
| Religions | Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991) | Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service |
general assessment:
marginal telephone and telegraph service domestic: national microwave radio relay trunk system, made unserviceable by military activities, is now operating from Freetown to Bo and Kenema (April 2001) international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 17,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1999) | 650 (1999) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 2 (1999) |
| Terrain | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau | coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | 6.01 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA% |
| Waterways | none | 800 km (of which 600 km navigable year round) |
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